294-295. Shows the average weekly wages of NY factory workers every month over a 14 year period. Covers more than 1,200 cities. Hourly Rate. The veteran miners, who prided themselves on their toughness, taught the youngest ones how to act like men, how to ignore the pain, and how to laugh away their fears. Shows the average weekly earnings by industry and occupation. ), athletic gear, boxing, baseball, & tennis supplies, Prices of articles bought by farmers, 1909-1924, Prices paid by farmers for household items, 1910-1960, Clothing prices paid by farmers, 1910-1960, Women's clothing catalog - B. Altman & Co., Summer 1920. Gasoline cost an average21.7 per gallon in 1929. Shows police department salaries for cities over 100,000 population. A strong, skilled coal loader might fill five or more cars in a day. Also shows rowboat and pack horse rental rates, cost for guided tours, and transportation fares. Discussion puts wage data in context with price levels which were definitely affected by the wars. From the Louisiana Department of Labor and Industrial Statistics Biennial Report for 1929-1930. Keep your hand upon the dollar, These were the underground attitudes Frank Keeney absorbed as he entered manhood as a coal miner. In the words of the popular song Miners Lifeguard, written by a miner from Oak Hill, West Virginia: A miners life is like a sailors, Working in coal mines is dangerous miners have to deal with toxic . Source: Bulletin #269 of the North Carolina Agricultural Experiment Station, "Farm Family Living Among White Owner and Tenant Operators in Wake County," pages 24-28. Most of their houses had images of union president John L. Lewis, Franklin Delano Roosevelt, and Jesus. Source: AAUP report, p. 162. Source: BLS, Shows the retail prices of various foodstuffs in 10 large German cities. School and office supplies: Source: Median wages for butlers, chauffeurs, gardeners, furnace men and "house men" employed to work in private households in Philadelphia in the late 1920s. Shows average value for farm land and buildings from 1850-1982. Under other circumstances, mine tops fell without warning. In 1927, "$30 per month was taken as the average minimum expenditure for rent in Boston for the [working class] family of four living on the American standard.". This was the room and pillar method of mining common in the Appalachian bituminous coalfields. Constitution Avenue, NW Shows the average daily wages Greek workers were receiving in metal mines, lignite mines, smelting and refining plants, and quarries. Union wages by occupation and city, 1922-1928, Women's median wages by state and industry, 1910s-1920s, Cigarette packs - Average retail price by brand, 1929, Average college expenses and tuition by institution, 1928, Family budgets by income group, 1918-1930, https://libraryguides.missouri.edu/pricesandwages, Common labor - Average entrance wage rates, 1926-1934, Union wages by occupation and city, 1920-1921, Steam fitters' and sprinkler fitters' helpers, Structural-iron workers: finishers' helpers, Union wages by occupation and city, 1929-1930, Captains, masters, mates, pilots, and engineers, Maintenance-of-way employees: Gang foremen, Maintenance-of-way employees: Assistant gang foremen, Maintenance-of-way employees: Iron workers, Maintenance-of-way employees: Masons, bricklayers, and plasterers, Maintenance-of-way employees: Section laborers, Maintenance-of-way employees: Crossing and bridge flagmen and gatemen, War and postwar wages, prices, and hours, 1914-23 and 1939-44, Urban Negro weekly earnings by sex and occupational class, 1925, Negro wages by occupation - Chicago, 1920, Teacher salaries by race - North Carolina, 1922, Teacher salaries by race - Texas, 1925-1926, Accountants, auditors, bookkeepers, etc. HOUSING, FARMS and UTILITIES Purchasing power is represented in its equivalence in horses, wheat, the yearly wages of a skilled tradesperson, and others. (Click image for detail), Marie Concannon, Government Information Librarian Prices are shown in Japanese yen. Source: Shows the earnings per hour and week for sawmill workers over a 20 year period. Then the men and boys would gather their tools and trudge down the mountainside to their little cabins to wash off the coal dust that smudged their faces, necks, arms, and hands, and to sit down for an evening meal. The mine was run by the Japanese, who had occupied the area, along with the rest of the puppet state of Manchukuo, using prisoners of war or poorly-paid Chinese locals as their miners. Wages of certain women in the District of Columbia. Source: BLS, Shows the wage scale for various occupations for Japanese and Chinese workers in Dairen. Managers concentrated on business decisions, such as arranging transportation and selling their product. Compares average retail prices for drug-store items at independent stores and chain stores in Cincinnati and Washington DC. Salary data for teachers, principals and school administrators in New York City, Philadelphia, Cleveland, Detroit, St. Louis, Chicago and Kansas City. A standard tune in miners lore began with lyric, Youve been docked and docked again, boys / Youve been loading two for one, and asked what the miner had to show for working so hard. Watch the rocks, theyre falling daily, Before the 1930s, many boys worked in mines. With industrialization, workers lost control of when to start, eat, and end their day. Montgomery Ward catalog shows prices of radios and radio supplies on 60+ pages. Report published in 1927 includes extensive wage data for women in Tennessee by race, industry, education, and more, circa 1925. BookTok is Good, Actually: On the Undersung Joys of a Vast and Multifarious Platform, Seven Crime Novels Centered Around Musicians Out in 2023, Arlington Road: The Conspiracy Thriller That Foresaw the Spread of Far-Right Extremism in America, If you want to laugh, watch this Mitchell and Webb sketch about inviting Shaggy and Scooby Doo to a party, Uncrackable: 5 Films Featuring Devilishly Difficult Heists. House paints, paint brushes, doors & windows, wrench sets, home improvement tools, steel safes, fencing, garden tools, wrenches & other assorted tools, water pumps, plows, milk cans, gasoline-powered generators. Firedamp, described as the monster most dreaded by the practical miner, could explode if ignited by sparks or powder blasts, which would send fires raging through mine shafts with hurricane force. It provided a $1.20-a- day wage increase effective Jan, and an increase of 80 cents a day beginning April 1, 1959. Source: BLS. Shows the weekly earnings for 9 occupations in Amsterdam, Haarlem, the Hague, and Rotterdam. The strongest, most efficient men earned the most money at the end of the day. MORE PRICES in the U.S. UK coal industry employment 1920-2021 | Statista One threat the animals and birds could detect was the odor of gas that oozed from the ancient vegetation compacted over the ages. The strike was officially called to a halt on March the 3rd 1985. Source: Shows the average hourly wage of a variety of jobs both in and outside of Paris. The carpenters, mechanics, mule skinners, and other mine employees, who enjoyed no such latitude, were known by pit-face miners as company men. By contrast, the pit-face miners saw themselves as autonomous workmen who labored for themselves as well as for the company. Wages are shown in German marks. Source: BLS. Source: Lists results of 22 studies that show the % of family budget spent in various categories (rent, food, health, etc.). Shows wages for common and semi-skilled workers in manufacturing and construction industries, in baking, agriculture, metal and printing trades. Source: Table shows 52 years of time-series prices on individual foods, such as. Musical instruments: Fascinating book that shows various imported items (such as kid gloves, bloomers, silk nightgown, men's pipe, electric flatiron, glass lamp, etc.) At the far end of the room, the miner lay down on his side and cut under the bottom of the coal face with his pick, inching his way into the cut and hoping the coal was hard enough not to collapse on him. Few words meant more to mine workers than manliness, a quality that connoted dignity, respectability, defiant egalitarianism, and patriarchal male supremacy, in the words of historian David Montgomery. Its an era of company town labor we are not likely to see return as automation and renewable energy continue to render these kinds of occupations obsolete. An open flame provided the only light, and the cloth cap barely kept lamp soot away. Wages are shown in Spanish pesetas. Arthur Lewis. But Appalachian coal production peaked in 1918. His salary was paid entirely by coal companies. Source: BLS, Shows the daily wages of workers in the glass factories of northern France. Still he ventures to be brave. Source: Appendix in. A room in the Pocahontas seam could be more than 10 feet high, while workplaces in the Kanawha and New River seams often were no taller than four feet. Infant's: In the late 1800s mining was rough physical labor. Source: BLS Source: BLS, See fairly comprehensive coverage of this topic in Appendix 23, "Charges for various kinds of medical services" in, Fee schedules established by the Ohio State Medical Association for. Source: American Druggist, January 1923 issue. Source: Lists minimum and maximum daily wages for male and female workers. In the hand-loading era, an underground miners workplace, usually called a room, was only as high as the coal seam. Shows average public employee pay for each state. Shows the average monthly wages of multiple occupation in the Alaskan fishing industry. Source: BLS, Shows the earnings over different times for both government employees and manual workers in Hamburg. Knickerbockers, shirts, high school boy's suits, boy's fine suits, overcoats, winter coats, jackets, pajamas, rain coats, caps and hats, shoes. Bulletin of the United States Bureau of Labor Statistics, No. In the US, coal mining is a shrinking industry. Prices are shown in contemporary US dollars. A Day in the Life of a West Virginia Coal Miner Literary Hub Dollars. Source: Historical chart shows salaries of members of the U.S. Congress, along with dates of enactment and statutory authority for each pay increase. Shows prices by month and year. Source: BLS, Shows the hourly wages for men and women in Finnish unions. Published 1921. Source: One-page table shows 80 years of average retail prices for bread, milk, eggs and other common food items. 8836. Coal miner Bill Keating composed the ballad Down, Down, Down to break my loneliness and to show my mule I was in a friendly mood., President John L. Lewis, United Mine Workers, convention badge, 1936. This website does a good job of organizing a complex topic. The struggle between workers and managers in the workplace played out vividly in the Pennsylvania coal mines. 365-372. Miscellaneous: Covers the states of NH, VT, MA, CT, KY, SC, AL, MO, KS, IA and OH. 45-57. Wages are shown in contemporary U.S. dollars. Coal diggers gave up some of their hard-earned pay to aid fellow miners when they were sick or injured, and when a mine exploded, they risked their lives to rescue the survivors trapped inside. Includes drug items, toilet items, and miscellaneous items. $180 - $5k. Data gathered by the National Industrial Conference Board (a group of industry associations) which used European government publications for information. Coal Miners Between 1880 and 1920, southern West Virginia's population grew from 93,000 to 446,000, due almost entirely to the coal industry. Source: U.S. Congressional Serial Set vol. Wages are shown in Spanish pesetas. Handkerchiefs, slippers, watches, umbrellas, hair brushes and combs, Christmas decorations. Source: Shows wages, hours and earnings for mechanics, pipe fitters, welders, tinsmiths derrick men, drillers, firemen, engineers and more. Copy. 358, Average hours and earnings by occupation and district. Table 26 shows wages for laborers with board for every year from 1780-1937; the, In the 1920s, people could sell their blood to hospitals for$35-50 perquart. Source: BLS, Shows the average retail prices of food, clothing, and fuel prices in Shanghai. Source: BLS. He later recalled his terror at being lost in a maze of underground rooms when his lamp went out. Source: BLS, Shows the average price of foodstuffs and other common goods in the federal district of Mexico. Source: BLS, Shows the retail prices of food and commodities in various cities throughout south Manchuria. Without a match he walked, hands held in front of his body, until, by chance, someone found him and gave him a light. Created by Grove Atlantic and Electric Literature, Click to share on Twitter (Opens in new window), Click to share on Google+ (Opens in new window), Click to share on LinkedIn (Opens in new window), Click to share on Reddit (Opens in new window), Click to share on Tumblr (Opens in new window), Click to share on Pinterest (Opens in new window), Click to share on Pocket (Opens in new window), A Novel of Putin's Russia That Got Its Writer Beaten Up, What Should You Read Next? Typewriters, school supplies, office supplies, fountain pens, more fountain pens, books, drawing sets, home office furniture. Safety sign in eight languages, about 1910. by SEX Industrial home work was most common in clothing manufacturing and tobacco industries (rolling cigars, etc.) Source: Chicago Commission on Race Relations report. What was the salary for a coal miner in the 1950s? - Answers Source: BLS, Shows the cost of foodstuffs, clothing, and other necessities in Hungary. Tables are broken down by type of job, gender of employee, and geography. A man sometimes had to get down on his hands and knees, with his left shoulder, well padded, against the car, bracing himself with his toes against the ties and the dirt of the floor, wrote a former miner, while his partner controlled the brakes to keep the car from rolling back on the pusher if he slipped or grew tired. Back injuries, broken legs, and severed feet and fingers were common. During the 1910s and 1920s, minimum wage laws were adopted by a handful of states and generally applied only to women and children. Boys learned the mining craft from their fathers and later passed this knowledge on to their own sons. Shows expenditures by category with prices per article and amounts needed annually for a family of five. Mule drivers and trapper boys like Frank Keeney set out at six oclock every morning with the adult miners, who each carried a pick and auger, a can of black blasting powder, fuses, and a tamping rod. These figures are shown by occupation, sex, and region. Green miners like Frank Keeney also learned that surviving underground required men to depend upon each other and to honor the wisdom of the most experienced men. Describes the labor policy of Great Britain in the 1920's and throughout the rest of the early 20th century. Pennsylvania's investment in anthracite iron paid dividends for the industrial economy of the state and proved that coal could be adapted to a number of industrial pursuits. Total Pay. Source: Lists costs of running a farm, including costs of power, labor, insurance, interest on loans, etc. Time became important to managers as they changed their labor model. Source: BLS, Shows the average retail prices of foodstuffs in Madrid and Barcelona. Coal operators often provided services like company stores. 613. An experienced miner would often work calmly under conditions that would terrify a novice, wrote a veteran of the bituminous mines. Coal industry labor strikes were common from the turn of the century up through the 1930s, as were catastrophic workplace injuries and the prevalence of black lung disease. Wages are shown in Finnish marks. of Agriculture report. Here Are the Best Reviewed Books of the Month. Source: Women's Bureau Bulletin #85. Click for more info about the kind of home a family earning less than $2,500 annually could buy in 1928. Wages are shown in Latvian rubles. If a man died in a mine, they quit work to honor him and to take up a collection for his surviving wife and children. Source: U.S. Dept. Includes breakouts by state, source of income, and more. Source: BLS Monthly Labor Review, March 1932, The "Service Industries" chapter in this source breaks out wages paid to workers in hospitals, hotels, bowling alleys, theaters, parks, churches, country clubs, athletic clubs and yacht clubs, advertising agencies, banks, laundries, schools/colleges, and restaurants (making no distinction between waiters, cooks or bus boys). Shows average wages alongside a cost of living index for Germany between 1929-1942. Source: BLS. Managements steam whistle now set the times. Includes both land and buildings. Coal Miners - West Virginia There was little prospect then that coal would be in demand as it is today or that the daily wage of miners would be multiplied 8 to 10 times by 1974. In West Virginia's colliers, miners were paid 49 cents per ton of clean coal, compared with 76 cents in the unionized mines of Ohio. Typically, workers could get an advance on pay, in company-issued paper currency, called scrip, or tokens to buy goods. Source: BLS, Shows the average wage rates for 19 different occupations in Hamburg, Germany. Photographer + writer. Shows monthly wages based on the ocean routes traveled: San Francisco to points west, and New York City to points south and east. See "Blood donation" in. 2012-08-05 00:38:00. 90%. Wages are shown in both Hungarian gold crowns and contemporary U.S. dollars. Source: AAUP report. Phone (573) 882-0748. Shows data on the number of nursing school graduates from 1880 to 1929 as well as salary information. See p. 193 of this. Prices are shown in Hungarian crowns. Wages shown in 1930 US dollars. After they loaded coal from the fallen pillars, the colliers and their helpers pushed their cars out into the main entry as fast as possible before sections of the roof collapsed. Other enslaved African Americans escaped from the salt works to Ohio, a free state only 60 miles away. Bulletin of the United States Bureau of Labor Statistics, No. Shows the average daily wages paid to masons, electricians, bricklayers, bakers, blacksmiths and more. Source: BLS, Shows the cost of various foodstuffs in the Riga markets. Shows data for unskilled male laborers in each of 13 industries, as well as an overall average. From. Prices are shown in Swiss francs. Shows wages and hours of workers in the cotton industry over a 23 year period. University of Missouri, Columbia ), carriages, cribs, high chairs, etc. Source: Source: BLS Handbook of Labor Statistics, 1931 edition. 7-8 in: Extensive, 219-page report published in the Bureau of Labor StatisticsBulletin no. Source: BLS, Shows the hourly, daily, and weekly earnings in Milan for various industries. 412. 1920, Home plans and costs to build in California, 1920, Retail prices of building materials by city, 1922, Building material prices paid by farmers, 1923-1924, Cost to construct houses, by type of material - 1921, Building material prices paid by farmers, 1910-1960, Farm real estate - Average value by state and county, 1920, Price of farm land by county in selected states, 1912-1924, New England farms and land - Average value by county, 1920-1930, Farm real estate values in Midwestern states, 1912-2019, Land in Missouri - Cost to rent or buy by county, 1922, Rents in working class neighborhoods in Cincinnati, 1920, Household heating fuel costs and expenditures by city, 1927, Electricity - Average monthly bill, 1924-1950, Household electricity costs and expenditures by city, 1927, Changes in retail prices of electricity, 1923-38, Car prices with illustrations, 1900-1920s, Gasoline prices andtaxes, and annual consumption per vehicle, 1920-1939, Horse-drawn carriages, buggies and accessories, 1920, Horse and mule prices by state, 1919-1920, City transit fares in NY, PA, OH and MA - 1927, Streetcar, omnibus and subway rates, 1926, Passenger train fare in the U.S., 1871-1933, RR ticket prices between NYC and Chicago, 1910-1944, accessories (diapers, baby bottles, etc. Wages are shown in Austrian kronen. how much did coal miners get paid in the 1950s The craftiness and deftness of the best colliers was most evident when they performed the riskiest task of all. by STATE Boy's: Red Ash mine was also the location of a disaster in 1900, which killed forty-six miners. Most trapper boys learned how to overcome their fears by watching and listening to the colliers who went underground with them. Wages are shown in Belgian francs. Source: BLS. Source: BLS Monthly labor review, Apr 1926, Shows the average retail prices of various foodstuffs throughout Switzerland. Chart indicates hourly earnings ranges for piecework at automobile manufacturing companies in Germany. Washington, D.C. Email powered by MailChimp (Privacy Policy & Terms of Use), The American Twins, Harpers Weekly, 1874, African American History Curatorial Collective. Coal mining wages - Illinois, 1920. Source: U.S. BLS. Source: U.S. Federal Trade Commission report. Tables 6-13 show farm land prices by county in IA, MN, ND, ID, OH, KY, NC and TX. This is a New Zealand government document. Miners waiting to start their shift at the Virginia-Pochahontas Coal Company mine near Richland, Virginia, in 1974. Source: Extensive article provides wage detail by occupation and city. His pictures also reflect a variegated experience in Appalachia, countering stereotypes by depicting middle-class miners, racial diversity, and community pride. Instead of paying miners by the ton, they hired them as employees and paid an hourly wage. Source: This calculator can be used to determine the historical purchasing power of currency in the United Kingdom from 1270 to 2017. Coal companies also recruited in Europe. Pianos, violins, guitars & banjos, accordions, other musical instruments. Coal Miners (Pay) (Hansard, 27 November 1973) Source: U.S. Congressional Serial Set Vol. Men's: From, Earnings forveterinarians with governmentjobs, in scientific labs, in sales, or working as. Boys younger than 12 often worked beside their fathers underground because, in many communities, it was the only paying job available. Taken from Bulletin of the United States Bureau of Labor Statistics, No. Taking a mine car out of turnconstituted another grave offense. Meanwhile, his wife Mary operated the Nellis boarding house for foreign-born miners. Shows the average daily wages of Japanese and Chinese workers in various occupations for the South Manchuria Railway Co. Wages are shown in both contemporary yen and US dollars. Coal loaders at the face depended on mule drivers and motor men to honor the old tradition of a square turna custom through which colliers sought to control output and equalize earning opportunities by ensuring that each miner would receive the same number of cars during a workday, in the words of a mine industry historian. The correct use of explosives depended on the miners skill and knowledge of how to drill, how much powder to use, and how to damp a charge properly. Shows salaries at the state, county and city levels. A paid subscription is required for full access. FromTHE DEVIL HERE IN THESE HILLS(Atlantic Monthly Press), now out in paperback. Source: BLS Monthly Labor Review, July 1930. The deep imagery of coal mining in the 1970s shows a lifestyle - Medium Wages are based on the average weekly full-time positions from large cities. Shows prices for articles of clothing sold in 35 retailer shops in twelve cities. See table 164 for average annual wage. Dresses, skirts, blouses, suits, patterns for sewing frocks,, dress gloves, shawls, sweaters, silk undergarments, pajamas, union suits, corsets, gowns, stockings, hats, winter coats, fur coats, winter gloves and mittens, shoes, purses and bags, diamond rings, necklaces and jewelry, brooches, perfume, wigs. Coal mining jobs - Hours and earnings, 1919-1933; Coal mining wages by state, 1923 Source: Miners' wages and the cost of coal: an inquiry into the wages system., pp. As former miner Gary Bentley of Kentucky remarked in a recent New York Times article, Its not going to make a comeback. 1974, Early Coal Miner's Wages and Striking | Marion Illinois History Wages are shown in 1930 US dollars. He also absorbed the habits and traditions that gave pick and shovel miners a remarkable degree of freedom. The following two tables shows the average daily earnings of industrial and building workers by occupation as well as in Moscow, Leningrad, and the Ural mountain region. Furniture, bookcases, carpets and rugs, curtains, hanging lamps, lightbulbs, table and floor lamps, clocks. Bathroom: Shows average value of mortgaged homes, average debt remaining on the mortgages and average interest paid on mortgages annually, for 68 cities of 100,000 or more population. Shows salaries for officers, managers, clerks, operators, etc. There is also a table showing, Shows the value of multiple currencies in US dollars in the years of. The survey covered 114 different cotton mills in 12 different state, and generally divides tables by occupation, sex, and year or occupation, sex, and state. No. Smoke from explosions of black powder,the reek of oil lamps, and the pervading coal dust made breathable air something of an obsession with the miner, one miner recalled. Took into account additional sources of income for farm families, such as income derived from animals or investments. Corn visited coal mines and mountain communities from Virginia to Tennessee, photographing the working and domestic lives of miner families and their struggles with low wages, unsafe working conditions, and black lung disease. Another statute required employers to hire pit bosses to examine every working place in the mine, but only as often as practicable. A third rule required the managers to water the coal dust, but only when they detected a dangerous level of gas.
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